Description

Among the many kingdoms (fondom) of the Cameroon Grassfields, the central fon (chief) and a number of secret societies are responsible for the social rule of each kingdom. In close counsel with Kwifor, Ngwerong, Mfu and Takumbeng (the social organisations of village elders, nobles, princes and elites) the fon must maintain spiritual and social order and is responsible for peaceful collaboration between neighbouring villages.

As a sign of social status and rank within the community, men within kingdoms of the Grassfields (including the Bamum, Bamileke, Bangwa and Tikar kingdoms) possess a 'title cup' (nda nyiet), one of the most precious heirlooms passed down through the generations to the most honourable member of the family. As a status symbol, the fon and the heads of his social organisations hold the most prestigious nda nyiet, the buffalo drinking horn. Family heads, village elders, commoners and women all possess drinking horns made from different materials. The vessels are used to pour and drink palm-wine during important rituals that safeguard the wellbeing of the family, community and kingdom. The fon and his elite group of nobles also display their horns during important ceremonies and festivals. It is also believed that, once initiated through rituals and magic spells, the nda nyiet holds the secrets of each family in possession of one and as such much be treated with reverence.