Historian and archaeologist, Gerard Chouin specializes in the history of West Africa between the XII th and the XVIII th century. He is now conducting research on landscape history and urbanization combining the analysis of European travel narratives, oral traditions and archaeology. He is also leading a research project on the possible expansion of the first and second plague pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Co-director of excavations at Ife (Nigeria), the conference focuses on the sources and methods of analysis of objects in the writing of the history of West Africa between the XII th and the XVIII th century, starting with bronze and terracotta sculptures discovered at Ifé between 1940 and 1960, and questions posed by their documentation.