Igbo tutelary deities, known as alusi, are spirits that serve as guardians, patrons, or protectors of a particular person, place, lineage, or occupation. These minor deities are often associated with natural elements such as earth, rivers, forests...
The Izzi Igbo of Nigeria make use of a crest mask, or headdress, called ogbodo enyi, to cleanse each community of evil spirits and distructive elements, and are also used as agents for social control. Enyi meaning either...
Found in Southeastern Igboland, primarily in the town Afikpo, opa nwa (also called agbogho okumkpa or agbogho mma; meaning ‘carrying child’ or ‘hold child’; often referred to as ‘Queen...
Found in Southeastern Igboland, primarily in Afikpo towns, okpesu umuruma (meaning ‘frighten children’; also called ihu ori, meaning ‘face ugly’) masks are worn by older performers at Okumkpa...
Found in Southeastern Igboland, primarily in the town Afikpo, nne mgbo (meaning ‘mother of Mgbo‘) masks are worn by young boys and adult men of the Mmwo (or Mma) secret society during annually Okumkpa ceremonies...
Found in Southeastern Igboland, primarily in Afikpo towns, nnade okumkpa (meaning ‘father of Okumkpa‘) masks are worn by senior and junior leaders of Okumkpa ceremonies. Nnade okumpa masks are danced annually by...
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