The Aduma are a small ethnic group located on the upper Ogooué River in southeastern Gabon to which the mvudi mask belongs. Oral traditions about the origin of the mask make mention of the Mount Ngouadi region in the Ivindo...
Ikwara is a black mask used as an agent of social control originating from Ngounié in South Gabon. Also called ikwara-mokulu, its name means “mask of the night,” and its black colour is associated with malicious forces,...
The so’o mask, or sokomutu in Swahili (and sometimes referred to as mwisi gwa so’o, suku muntu or ibombo ya soho in some sources), belongs to the Hemba people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. So’o means...
The oloyiya (meaning ‘owner of combs’ also called okyiya, or epa are) mask is a ceremonial mask worn by the Yoruba people. These masks are a type of Epa mask from the Ekiti province in Nigeria, used in week-long,...
Makunda (also called n-khanda, m-khanda, longwa or nzo longo) is the initiation society used to transition male children into manhood. Yaka boys considered ready for initiation (called tundansi) are taken to a bush camp...
The social and spiritual lives of the Lega people, are governed by a central initiation society known as Bwami; Bwami is responsible for teaching morality through community performances, dances and objects. The Bwami...
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